✅ Product Benefits

• Once-daily DPP‑4 inhibition: Linagliptin selectively inhibits DPP‑4, elevating active incretin hormones (GLP‑1 and GIP), which boost glucose‑dependent insulin secretion and suppress glucagon release → effectively reducing fasting and post‑meal blood glucose levels.

• No kidney dose adjustment needed: Safe to use in patients with renal impairment (including mild-to-moderate chronic kidney disease), without need to modify dosage .

• Flexible monotherapy or add-on therapy: Appropriate as monotherapy when metformin is contraindicated or intolerable, or as add-on to metformin, sulfonylureas, pioglitazone, or insulin when needed for improved glycaemic control .

• Convenient administration: Can be taken with or without food, at any time of day—flexibility improves compliance .

• Low hypoglycaemia risk: Incretin-driven insulin release reduces risk of hypoglycaemia compared to sulfonylureas; risk increases only when combined with other insulin-secretagogues or in case of missed meals .

• Well tolerated profile: Common side effects include nasopharyngitis, headache, cough, hypoglycemia (if used with sulfonylureas), constipation, nausea; serious effects like pancreatitis or joint pain are rare .

ℹ️ Precautions & Safety Notes

• Monitor for joint pain or pancreatitis symptoms: Rare events like severe arthralgia or pancreatitis have been reported—stop treatment if they occur 

• Pregnancy & breastfeeding: Safety in pregnancy is not fully established (Pregnancy Category B); use only if clearly needed and doctor-approved Drug interactions: Linagliptin is a weak competitive/moderate mechanism-based inhibitor of CYP3A4, but has minimal clinically relevant effects on other drugs like metformin, simvastatin, warfarin, digoxin or oral contraceptives .

• Not for Type 1 diabetes or ketoacidosis: Should not be used in patients with type 1 diabetes or diabetic ketoacidosis .

• Missed dose guidance: If a dose is missed, take it as soon as remembered—skip if near the next scheduled dose; do not double up